How To Know if You Could Have a Breast Abscess — and What To Do About It

Perhaps no two words can send a shiver up your spine quite like “breast abscess.” No one wants to imagine their breasts as hosts to infection.

But it happens. And catching an infection early can make it much more bearable.

We talked with Ob/Gyn Ashley Brant, DO, about the signs and symptoms of breast abscesses and what to do if you have one.

What is a breast abscess?

Like abscesses that can happen elsewhere on your body, a breast abscess is a collection of fluid that builds up. It’s a severe infection and commonly a complication of mastitis — inflamed breast tissue that can lead to bacterial infection.

“A breast abscess is a walled-off collection of pus that’s extremely painful,” Dr. Brant explains. “Fortunately, it’s treatable.”

Causes of breast abscess

Anyone can get a breast abscess, but they’re most common in people who are breastfeeding (chestfeeding).

Here’s why.

When you’re breastfeeding, your body stores milk in sacks and sends that milk through the ducts in your breasts to feed your baby. There can be a mismatch between how much you’re signaling your body to make milk through stimulation via a pump or breastfeeding directly and how completely or frequently you’re emptying your breasts. That can lead the milk sacks to swell, leak and set off a cascade of inflammation or “engorgement.”

Engorgement can lead to an inflammatory (non-infectious) mastitis. That can lead to infectious mastitis and, potentially, a breast abscess if it’s not diagnosed and managed appropriately.

Mastitis and breast abscesses can also happen to people who aren’t breastfeeding. For example, if you have cracked or chapped nipples, bacteria can find their way in. Same if you have an injury to your breast that breaks the skin. Infected nipple piercings can also lead to mastitis and breast abscesses.

Breast abscess symptoms

If you have a breast abscess, you’ll likely be able to feel it with your hand. It will feel like a hard, red, fluid-filled mass on your breast that is very painful. It may also be warm (even hot) to the touch.

Remember that breast abscesses start as mastitis. So, before you can feel the abscess, you’ll probably have symptoms of mastitis, like redness and tenderness in your breast. You may also notice hard lumps on your breast.

If mastitis continues, you may start to develop flu-like symptoms, like fever and chills. That’s a sign of inflammatory (early on) mastitis or bacterial mastitis.

Breast abscess treatment

Breast infections are easiest to treat when caught early. So, seek treatment quickly for signs of mastitis.

“At the first sign of mastitis, contact a healthcare professional to let them know what’s going on,” Dr. Brant advises. “Depending on how severe your symptoms are, your doctor may want you to start on antibiotics.”

If you’re breastfeeding, your provider can prescribe antibiotics that are safe for people who are lactating, so you can continue breastfeeding while treating mastitis.

If mastitis continues and you develop a breast abscess, a simple round of antibiotics won’t do the trick. Your provider will likely recommend draining the abscess. That’s typically done one of two ways:

• Needle aspiration: Your provider will insert a needle into the pocket of infected fluid to suck out the liquid. This procedure may need to be done a few times over the course of a few days or weeks to fully drain the abscess.
• Incision and drainage: Your provider will make an incision over the fluid-filled mass to drain it completely.

Both are outpatient procedures. And you may need to be referred to a specialist for one of these procedures.

If it’s a smaller abscess, your provider may perform the procedure in their office. Larger abscesses may need to be treated in an operating room.

Recovering from a breast abscess

Following a breast abscess procedure, you can continue to breastfeed, though expect that you may experience some discomfort as you heal.

You may also experience soreness and swelling for up to a few weeks. Keep the area clean. And use a hot pack to relieve the pain and reduce swelling.

No one wants to deal with a breast abscess. Seek help at the first sign that something is wrong. Catch it early. And feel better soon!