Locations:
Search IconSearch

The Truth About 5 Common Dietary Supplements for Vascular Health

Expert advice for people with peripheral arterial disease

Contributor: Lee Kirksey, MD

Advertisement

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

People often ask how dietary supplements can affect heart health. Could taking particular vitamins or supplements be beneficial for peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

First, let’s talk a little about PAD. This disease causes inflammation of the layers of the blood vessel wall and can involve cholesterol deposits.

PAD is strongly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). In fact, people with PAD have three to five times the risk of death from cardiovascular events when compared to those with coronary artery disease alone. The carotid arteries may also be affected, increasing the risk of a mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack, or TIA) or major stroke (cerebrovascular accident or CVA).

Clearly, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in people with PAD is a more advanced and virulent form of this inflammatory disease. As a result, it is likely more important for people with PAD to take any measures they can to reduce the progression of this disease of the blood vessel wall.

Some vitamins and supplements may be helpful to people with PAD, while others may introduce risks or drawbacks that need careful consideration. Another factor to consider is whether ample enough research exists to recommend a particular supplement. Lastly, if you are taking supplements, be sure to update your physician because interactions may occur with prescribed medications.

Advertisement

If you have PAD, here’s what you need to know about five common dietary supplements :

  1. Omega-3 fatty acids or what is called long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are found mostly in fish sources. While there is not clear evidence that omega-3 supplementation improves walking ability or reduces overall death rates, taking large doses over an extended period does appear to provide a health benefit for people with PAD.
  2. Folate and B vitamins have low risk as supplements, but there is little evidence of improvement in PAD or lowered cardiovascular risk with these agents. They also can be harmful in patients with kidney disease. Low-dose intake (400 mcg) has been recommended for overall health.
  3. Vitamin C has been shown to be decreased in people with PAD. However, no studies show a reduction in PAD or cardiovascular risk with supplementation, and at least one study shows an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in those taking increased doses. No dosing has been recommended clearly for cardiovascular risk reduction.
  4. Vitamin D has also shown to be reduced in people with PAD. But again, supplementation has failed to show beneficial effects for those with PAD, and when levels are normal, increased dosing may increase the risk of calcium deposition in blood vessels. Daily doses of 700 IU are recommended for overall health, but increased dosing, particularly without evidence of a deficit, is unwarranted and may be harmful.
  5. Vitamin E has been shown to be decreased in people with PAD, and deficiencies are thought to worsen PAD symptoms. But vitamin E supplementation has not consistently proven to reduce the risk of PAD progression. Also, this vitamin should be used with caution in patients taking blood thinners, as it can increase the bleeding risk.

Talk to your doctor about how vitamin and mineral supplements could be part of an overall treatment plan. Your doctor will also discuss the following lifestyle changes, which are critical for managing your PAD:

  • Quitting smoking. Ask your doctor about smoking cessation programs available in your community. Many health insurers now provide reimbursement for participation in smoking cessation.
  • Eating a balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in cholesterol, fat and sodium. Limit fat to 30 percent of your total daily calories. Saturated fat should account for no more than 7 percent of your total calories. Avoid trans fats, including products made with partially hydrogenated and hydrogenated vegetable oils. If you are overweight, losing weight will help you lower your total cholesterol and raise your HDL (good) cholesterol. A registered dietitian can help you make the right dietary changes.
  • Exercising. Begin a regular exercise program, such as walking. Walking is very important and can aid the treatment of PAD. Patients who walk regularly can expect a marked improvement in the distance they are able to walk before experiencing leg pain. Swimming is another activity that offers strength-building and conditioning benefits.
  • Managing other health conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol.
  • Practicing good foot and skin care to prevent infection and reduce the risk of complications. If you can’t perform these tasks yourself, consultation with a podiatrist may be helpful.

Advertisement

Advertisement

Learn more about our editorial process.

Related Articles

Spoonful of bee pollen granules held up over bee pollen granules
October 3, 2024/Wellness
Bee Pollen: What It Is and Why You Really Don’t Need It

Fans may call it ‘nature’s multivitamin,’ but this bee byproduct’s benefits aren’t proven, and it can bring some serious allergy risks

Salmon over rice with veggies
October 1, 2024/Nutrition
De-Stress Eating: Foods To Help Reduce Anxiety

Give these 30+ grocery items a try to help find relief

Hands holding small bowl of propolis and dropper bottle of liquid propolis
September 26, 2024/Living Healthy
Propolis: What Is It and Is It Worth Using?

The science doesn’t support most claims about this bee byproduct, and supplements present potential risks

Jar of royal jelly with spoon on top, with capsules and flowers on table
September 25, 2024/Wellness
Are There Benefits to Royal Jelly?

This much-hyped bee byproduct has one possible health benefit and many unproven ones

Hand holding fork, with scrambled eggs and red peppers on plate, with cucumber slices
September 25, 2024/Cancer Care & Prevention
Cancer Patient Diet Tips and Recommendations

When you’re living with cancer, eating enough protein and a variety of colorful foods can help you keep up your strength and energy

Person standing next to over-sized plate of hummus, veggies and pita bread
September 18, 2024/Nutrition
Snack Smart: 3 Reasons Hummus Is Good for You

This Mediterranean puree may bolster your heart health, digestive function and blood sugar management

Table of assorted healthy foods, like fruits, veggies, grains, nuts and olive oil
September 16, 2024/Nutrition
Know the Difference: Vitamins vs. Minerals, and How Both Impact Your Health

Vitamins are made by plants and animals, while minerals come from the soil and water — both of which are essential for our bodies

Person holding white bowl of healthy berries and oats, with spoon
September 13, 2024/Brain & Nervous System
Friedreich’s Ataxia and Nutrition: Should You Modify What You Eat?

One of the best things you can do if you have FA is follow a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins

Trending Topics

Female and friend jogging outside
How To Increase Your Metabolism for Weight Loss

Focus on your body’s metabolic set point by eating healthy foods, making exercise a part of your routine and reducing stress

stovetop with stainless steel cookware and glassware
5 Ways Forever Chemicals (PFAS) May Affect Your Health

PFAS chemicals may make life easier — but they aren’t always so easy on the human body

jar of rice water and brush, with rice scattered around table
Could Rice Water Be the Secret To Healthier Hair?

While there’s little risk in trying this hair care treatment, there isn’t much science to back up the claims

Ad