Three common causes of chronic wounds
If you have a sore or wound that lingers over a period of weeks or months, it’s time to see your doctor. A chronic wound can lead to dangerous complications, but there are a number of treatment options to help avoid more serious problems.
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
Chronic wounds, by definition, are sores that don’t heal within about three months. They can start small, as a pimple or a scratch. They might scab over again and again, but they don’t get better.
If you have a sore or wound that follows this pattern, it’s a red flag that you should consult a physician to start a care plan, says plastic surgeon Christi Cavaliere, MD, Medical Director of Wound Care.
“A comprehensive approach is really what makes the difference in getting healed,” she says. “So, people must get the comprehensive care they need from a primary care physician, a plastic surgeon, a podiatrist, a vascular surgeon or a wound center.”
While cancer can sometimes present as a chronic wound, chronic wounds typically fall into three main categories: diabetes-related ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers.
People who have diabetes are at greater risk for chronic wounds. Several factors contribute to this, including:
To control chronic wounds, people with diabetes should make sure they’re eating enough protein, hydrating properly and maintaining control of their blood sugar levels. It is also important to wear shoes that don’t create sores and keep toenails cut short.
Anyone who has diabetes should seek medical attention for any foot wound as soon as possible. “It can’t wait,” Dr. Cavaliere says. “The stakes are too high, and you need to make sure any infection is addressed.”
Venous leg ulcers account for a high percentage of leg wounds. Frequently, they stem from uncontrolled swelling in the legs and tend to weep because the legs are overfilled with fluid. They can also be painful and itchy. Blood doesn’t flow back up the legs well with these wounds, so the legs often feel heavy. The skin around the wound can harden and become discolored.
Venous leg ulcers tend to recur, and maintenance usually requires regular compression therapy such as compression stockings. Any leg swelling should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, because many conditions cause swelling. Some, such as blood clots, require more extensive evaluation or treatment.
Treatment options for venous ulcers may include:
These wounds occur when pressure is constantly exerted on body tissue over a period of time. The constant pressure compresses vessels that carry blood to keep the tissue alive, opening the door for injury, Dr. Cavaliere says.
People who are bed-bound or use a wheelchair are at highest risk for pressure ulcers, including those with spinal cord injuries or those with some form of dementia. Sores are most likely to develop on the tail bone, sacral bone or heels.
“Unrelieved pressure can lead to full-thickness tissue death, leaving large wounds and, potentially, exposed bone,” Dr. Cavaliere says.
The No. 1 treatment for pressure ulcers is simply removing the pressure. Turning or moving the body can prevent injury. Some patients may also require special mattresses or additional cushioning to protect bones. Untreated ulcers can develop into infections so severe that hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics are required.
Learn more about our editorial process.
The short answer from a plastic surgeon
Before your next manicure, weigh the reward against the risk of infection, irritated skin and damaged nails
Safety, hygiene and technician training are among the biggest benefits of a ‘medi pedi’
To help keep your mitts feeling and looking their best, moisturize, exfoliate, wear sunscreen and eat a healthy diet
Go ahead and get goopy to help boost hydration and repair damaged skin
The common skin condition isn’t contagious, but it can pop up anywhere on your body during a flare
Calm an itchy scalp by using medicated shampoo, avoiding blow-drying and resisting the urge to scratch
Caused by inflammation, psoriasis itch can be managed with a variety of treatments, like moisturizing and taking cooler and shorter showers
Your metabolism may torch 1,300 to 2,000 calories daily with no activity
A gentle touch in all the right places may help drain your sinuses