Locations:
Search IconSearch

What Your Bladder Is Trying to Tell You About Your Health

These 3 changes may be clues to other problems

Sign for public restrooms at airport

How your bladder functions every day can tell you a lot about your overall health. How often you urinate during the day and during the night, the color of your urine and whether you can hold it all provide clues to health conditions that don’t involve your urinary system.

Advertisement

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

“Eighty percent of the causes of bladder problems are related to conditions outside of the bladder,” says urogynecologist Raymond Rackley, MD. These can include problems with the nervous or cardiovascular systems, he says.

So what should you look out for? Any problem that is a departure from your usual habits, says Ob/Gyn Cecile Ferrando, MD, MPH.

Here are three major signs to watch for:

1. Increase in frequency

How often you have to urinate is a good indicator of your body’s overall state of hydration. It’s considered normal to have to urinate about six to eight times in a 24-hour period.

If you’re going more often than that, it could simply mean that you may be drinking too much fluid or consuming too much caffeine, which is a diuretic and flushes liquids out of the body.

But frequent urination also can be a sign of several more serious conditions, including a bladder infection, prostate problems, a heart condition, leg swelling, or interstitial cystitis (also called painful bladder syndrome), which is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bladder.

Frequent urination also can be a symptom of an overactive bladder, a common, easily treated condition that could be caused by several problems, including nerve damage, medications, infections, being overweight and estrogen deficiency.

Advertisement

If you’re a woman, the need to urinate frequently also may be a sign of poorly supported pelvic organs, such as the bladder. This is when the bladder drops into the vaginal opening because of weak pelvic floor muscles, typically following childbirth.

Some people find they need to urinate more frequently at night as they get older. That’s fairly typical, Dr. Rackley says.

“People will have an increase in nighttime voiding as they age,” Dr. Rackley says. “But most people after the age of 60 rarely get up more than twice a night, so more than that can be related to an overall indication of your health.”

2. A pink, red or brown hue

If your urine appears pink or reddish ― and you haven’t eaten a lot of beets, blackberries or rhubarb recently ― the color could indicate blood in your urine. This is a serious symptom, one you should see your doctor about as soon as possible.

“Blood in your urine is never, ever normal, and requires immediate medical attention,” Dr. Ferrando says. Bloody urine could be indicative of cancer.

Darker colors such as amber or brown usually indicate dehydration. Increase the amount of fluids that you drink and lay off the caffeine. If your urine remains dark, talk to your doctor.

3. Incontinence

Incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine. There are two main types of urinary incontinence: stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

When a woman leaks urine when coughing, laughing, sneezing or exercising strenuously, it is called stress incontinence and is typically related to a weakness in the urethra. Stress incontinence also is related to being overweight, which puts additional pressure on a woman’s pelvic floor muscles, which support the urinary system. Stress incontinence can be treated with weight loss, pelvic muscle exercises or a small surgery.

Women who feel an overwhelming urgency to urinate and leak urine before reaching the toilet may have urge incontinence. This is a condition related to overactive bladder in which the bladder muscle begins to squeeze prematurely.

It can be treated with bladder retraining, medications, botulinum toxin injections that paralyze part of the bladder muscle, or a pacemaker-like device implanted under the skin that affects the nerves that control the bladder.

Advertisement

Learn more about our editorial process.

Related Articles

Person running to the bathroom
January 31, 2025/Urinary & Kidney Health
Why Do You Need to Pee as Soon as You Get Home?

Latchkey incontinence is common, but you can find relief with bladder retraining and other treatments

female shopping for adult diapers
February 19, 2024/Urinary & Kidney Health
What To Know About Underwear for Incontinence

Before you run out and buy this specialty underwear, there are treatment options to try first, like pelvic floor therapy and medication

carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages
Foods and Drinks That Can Irritate Your Bladder

Eliminating certain items, like soda and citrus, can help relieve your bladder discomfort

person holding bladder next to a clock
Bladder Training: Tips and Techniques To Regain Control

It isn’t just about your body; it’s also about your mind

Woman sitting on couch and laughing with friends.
January 12, 2023/Urinary & Kidney Health
Why You Pee When You Sneeze and How To Stop It

Exercises and medical treatments can help you regain control of your bladder

Zoom in on men's restroom sign.
October 11, 2022/Urinary & Kidney Health
Common Bladder Problems in Men and How To Treat Them

An overactive bladder, UTI, kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can affect how you urinate

Older man sweating uncomfortably.
August 17, 2022/Men's Health
What Help Is Available for Men Who Have Trouble Urinating?

Advice to help you go with the flow

Close-up of an individual holding their torso in apparent pain
September 24, 2021/Women's Health
Why Is It Hard for Some Women to Empty Their Bladders?

The short answer from a women’s health practitioner

Trending Topics

Person in bed sleeping on their side, covers off
Breathing Problems? Try These Sleep Positions

If you’re feeling short of breath, sleep can be tough — propping yourself up or sleeping on your side may help

A couple looking at skyline, with one person slightly behind the other, head bent down
What Is Anxious Attachment Style — and Do You Have It?

If you fear the unknown or find yourself needing reassurance often, you may identify with this attachment style

Glasses and bottle of yellow-colored prebiotic soda, with mint, lemon and ginger garnish
Are Prebiotic Sodas Good for You?

If you’re looking to boost your gut health, it’s better to get fiber from whole foods

Ad