Menstrual Pads 101: How To Choose and Use Them

Sanitary, or menstrual, pads are the OG of period products. The no-muss, no-fuss option. And in a landscape of newer innovations, like period underwear, menstrual cups and the free-bleeding movement, they can be easy to overlook.

But there’s a reason menstrual pads have staying power. They get the job done.

Ob/Gyn Alison Stalzer, DO, discusses pros and cons and tips for choosing and using pads.

What are sanitary pads?

Call them what you will — menstrual pads, period pads, sanitary napkins or Kotex® — pads are absorbent products that catch blood during your period. They’re also commonly used after giving birth or having gynecological surgery that causes bleeding from your vagina.

Unlike tampons or menstrual cups, which you insert into your vagina, pads stick to the inside of your underwear.

“Probably one of the biggest reasons some women choose pads is that they’re a more hands-off approach,” Dr. Stalzer notes. “You don’t have to be intimately in touch with your body to use them.”

Menstrual pad pros and cons

Choosing your period products is all about what works best for your body, your flow and your needs. There’s no right or wrong answer. Pads might be a great fit, or not.

Let’s look at some pros and cons.

Pros

• Hands-off and non-internal: Pads don’t require insertion. That might feel more comfortable, especially if you’re new to periods, prefer less contact with your anatomy, or follow cultural or religious guidelines that discourage internal products.
• Good for light flow or spotting: Lightweight pads and panty liners can be a simple, low-maintenance option for the start or end of your period.
• Easy to check: Unlike tampons or cups, it’s easy to see when a pad needs changing — no guesswork involved.

Cons

• Can be indiscreet: Higher-absorbency pads in particular may feel bulky or show through some clothing, especially tighter outfits.
• Can shift or bunch: Pads may move out of place during activity, especially if you’re moving around a lot or doing vigorous exercise.
• Not swim-friendly: Pads can’t be worn in the water. You’ll need another option if you’re swimming or doing water-based activities.

Choosing the right period pad

Choosing the right pads to buy isn’t always an easy task.

“There are all kinds of options out there — different materials, absorbencies, sizes and shapes,” Dr. Stalzer says.

That variety is a good thing. Or a confusing thing, depending on how you look at it.

Let’s break down the options:

• Wings: These adhesive flaps wrap around the sides of your underwear to help keep the pad in place and prevent leaks or bunching.
• Materials: Pads come in a range of materials — from conventional synthetic blends to organic cotton or bamboo. If you have sensitive skin or irritation, consider breathable materials or even reusable cloth pads, often sold by independent makers online.
• Absorbencies: Panty liners are best for very light days or spotting. For heavier days, choose higher absorbency options like “super” or “overnight.”
• Shapes: Pads come in different shapes and sizes, including thin pads made to fit thong underwear. Choose shapes that match your underwear style and comfort needs.
• Scents: Scented pads may seem appealing, but they can irritate the sensitive skin around your vulva. Dr. Stalzer recommends unscented products to reduce the risk of rashes or allergic reactions.

Tips for wearing a menstrual pad

To use a pad, unwrap it and press the sticky side onto the inside of your underwear. Toss the wrapper in the trash — never flush pads or packaging.

Change your pad when it feels damp on your skin, or at least every four to six hours during the day.

“Changing your pad every four hours is a good habit,” Dr. Stalzer recommends. “That usually lines up with how often we go to the bathroom, and it keeps things clean and comfortable.”

If you find that you need to change your pad more often than that, you can try one with a heavier absorbency. But if you’re soaking through regular absorbency pads in an hour or less, Dr. Stalzer recommends talking with a healthcare provider. It could be a sign of a health condition, like a hormonal imbalance, uterine growths, infection or other concerns.

Pads are easy to use, especially if you’re just getting started or don’t want to get up close and personal with your body. But whether you stick with pads, try something new or mix and match, the right option is whatever helps you to confidently manage your period.