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Climate change can strain your heart, cause illnesses and make it difficult to breathe, but you can take steps to protect the planet and your health
Climate change is a hot topic these days. Perhaps because the world is ... well, getting hotter (or colder, wetter or drier, depending on where you live).
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“Climate change refers to an extended shift in global weather patterns and temperatures beyond what we’ve witnessed in the past,” says family medicine specialist Neha Vyas, MD.
You may already know that seasonal weather changes increase your risk for certain illnesses. Climate change packs an even bigger punch. As early as 2030, climate-related health problems are expected to claim the lives of an estimated 250,000 people worldwide each year.
Climate change increases your risk for a host of health problems. Dr. Vyas shares five common health impacts of climate change and what you can do to protect yourself.
As temperatures rise, so do heat-related illnesses and deaths. Extreme heat claimed the lives of 207 people in the U.S. in 2023, making it the country’s top cause of weather-related deaths.
Prolonged exposure to extremely high temperatures puts you at risk for:
Climate change worsens air pollution. Plus, drought-like conditions mean more wildfires, dust and allergens. All of these factors contribute to poor air quality.
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“Climate change can make it more difficult to breathe if you have existing lung conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,” Dr. Vyas states. “You could also develop allergies or allergic asthma for the first time.”
Lack of oxygen and extra strain on your lungs make your heart work harder. Extremely cold temperatures also mean trouble.
“Your heart has to pump more blood to keep you warm,” she explains. “Plus, cold air can bring on lung spasms.”
While humans might not enjoy extremely hot temperatures, disease-carrying ticks and insects are at their happiest.
Ticks that carry Lyme disease and alpha-gal syndrome have moved into areas that once were too cold for them. Cases of Lyme disease, which is caused by tick bites, have nearly doubled since 1991, and experts believe climate change is a contributing factor.
Milder winters also mean that mosquitos live longer, have a longer active season and have more opportunities to breed. That means more mosquito bites for humans, which means a higher risk of the viral infections they carry, like West Nile and Zika.
Increased water temperatures, storms and stormwater runoff make it easier for bacteria and parasites that cause waterborne illnesses to thrive.
These illnesses cause severe stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms. In some instances, they can even become life-threatening.
Swallowing just a small amount of contaminated water puts you at risk for waterborne illnesses like:
Fungal infections are a growing health threat as fungi spread to new geographic areas.
For example, historically, the Coccidioides fungus that causes Valley fever is found in warm, dry southwestern states like Arizona and New Mexico. But a study suggests that warm temperatures will bring the fungus northward to Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming and the Dakotas. By 2100, Valley fever cases are expected to increase by 50%.
Another study shows that climate change is contributing to the emergence of new or evolved fungi that are more resistant to heat.
The health effects of climate change can affect all of us, but certain groups feel them more:
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Talk to your healthcare provider about steps you can take to protect your health, especially if you’re in a high-risk group or have an existing health condition. Together, you can come up with a plan to help keep you feeling your best.
Worrying about your health and the planet’s health can bring on climate anxiety. But you can take steps today to protect the Earth for generations to come.
“Saving the planet is a team effort,” says Dr. Vyas. “We all need to do our part to slow climate change.”
These actions can make a difference:
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