Hypochlorous Acid: A Gentle Cleanser That Fights Bacteria

Hypochlorous acid may sound like something found in a chemistry lab rather than the skin care aisle. But despite the intimidating name, it’s a popular and gentle disinfectant that promises everything from clearer skin to cleaner countertops.

Dermatology resident Sadia Tahir, MD, explains what hypochlorous acid is, how it works and where it belongs in your daily routine.

What is hypochlorous acid?

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a naturally occurring compound your body makes as part of its immune response. When bacteria, viruses or other harmful germs invade your body, HOCl helps destroy them.

“Hypochlorous acid is one of your body’s natural defenses against infection,” Dr. Tahir explains. “It’s very effective at killing microbes, but it’s also very gentle on healthy tissue.”

Scientists have learned to recreate that same compound outside your body with a simple yet highly effective saltwater solution. That’s allowed manufacturers to harness the germ-fighting power of hypochlorous acid in skin care products, wound-care solutions and household cleaners.

Hypochlorous acid for skin care

Sorry to break it to you, but your skin is crawling with germs. Hypochlorous acid can help kill the bad ones without the drawbacks that come with using harsher ingredients. That’s why it’s become so popular in skin care products like facial sprays, serums and gels.

“It’s a great option for sensitive skin,” Dr. Tahir says. “For many people, it provides antimicrobial benefits without the burning or dryness you can get from harsher products.”

Specifically, HOCl may help:

• Reduce acne-causing bacteria: By lowering the amount of bacteria on your skin, hypochlorous acid may help limit breakouts. Using hypochlorous acid after a workout can help eliminate bacteria that cause acne.
• Calm inflammation: Because it’s gentle, HOCl may calm down irritation associated with skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
• Cleanse sensitive skin: Unlike products that contain alcohol or stronger antiseptics, hypochlorous acid is less likely to leave sensitive skin feeling dry, tight or irritated.
• Support wound healing: HOCl is commonly used in wound-care products because it works to kill harmful bacteria. That allows your skin to better heal from cuts and scrapes.

Hypochlorous acid in your home

Germ-fighting properties also make hypochlorous acid a popular ingredient in household cleaners and disinfectants. It’s used in products meant for everything from scrubbing your kitchen and shower grout to freshening up dog beds. 

HOCI may help:

• Ward off germs from viruses, like flu, norovirus and COVID-19
• Kill foodborne pathogens, like E. coli and Salmonella
• Neutralize odors

And HOCI does all of that while also being safe for use around kids and pets.

But pay attention to the label to know what you’re getting. Manufacturers use different formulas depending on whether a product is meant for your skin or your home. What’s safe to mist on your face isn’t the same as what’s designed to disinfect your toilet seat.

“Always use these products for their intended purpose,” Dr. Tahir emphasizes. “They’re not interchangeable.”

Are there any risks to hypochlorous acid?

For most people, hypochlorous acid is considered very safe. Still, Dr. Tahir recommends a few precautions:

• Use only products labeled for skin care on your face.
• Consider fragrance-free formulas, especially if you have sensitive skin.
• Avoid getting hypochlorous acid in your eyes.
• Don’t swallow it.
• Follow the directions on the product label.

“There really isn’t much risk when you’re using these products as directed,” Dr. Tahir states. “Hypochlorous acid is pretty remarkable because it has powerful antimicrobial properties that don’t irritate most people’s skin.”