Sociopathy Warning Signs

If you have difficulty forming genuine emotional connections and have persistent trouble with the law, you may be curious about whether you have sociopathy (also known as antisocial personality disorder). This complex condition involves several different patterns of behavior, most notably having a consistent disregard for the rules and rights of others. But it’s not always easy to identify or treat.

Psychologist Ramone Ford, PhD, talks about what having sociopathy really means and how to deal with it.

What is a sociopath?

“Sociopath” is an outdated, harmful term once used to describe someone who’s been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Sociopathy, itself, isn’t a formal diagnosis. But the behaviors it describes are often part of the diagnostic criteria for ASPD. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), defines ASPD as a disorder that causes you to:

• Have a lack of empathy for others
• Disregard social norms
• Act impulsively without considering the consequences

People living with ASPD often engage in consistent and repetitive abusive behaviors like gaslighting, manipulation and deceit — often without even knowing it or acknowledging it.

“We’ve turned away from using the term sociopath because it’s been used in the past to demonize people,” says Dr. Ford. “But in reality, someone who’s living with ASPD has a hard time developing empathy for other people. As a result, they may have a hard time trusting others and sometimes fall into an isolated pattern of thinking.”

10 signs of sociopathy

There’s not one universal list of signs that apply to everyone living with ASPD. But nearly all signs of this condition involve significant, consistent and persistent disregard for other people. Some of these signs may include, but are not limited to, these common characteristics or behaviors:

• Strong disregard for social norms, laws or rules at home, at work, in school and other public places
• Violating the rights of others
• Minimizing others’ feelings and how they affect other people
• Chronic manipulation, gaslighting, denial and deceit
• Difficulty forming healthy relationships
• Callousness and lack of remorse
• Acting impulsively without concern for consequences
• Attempting to gain power and control through aggression
• A tendency toward petty crime, physical violence or fighting
• Substance misuse

If you have ASPD, you may not always realize when they’re doing something wrong. In some cases, you may not care if your actions have negative effects on other people. And sometimes, Dr. Ford says, both perspectives can be true.

“Sociopathy can be very difficult and challenging because it’s so deep-seated,” says Dr. Ford. “It can be hard if you’re living with ASPD to reframe some of your thinking or change some of your behaviors because they’ve become such a core part of who you are.”

Common things people with sociopathy say

When confronted about their behavior, someone with ASPD may rely on misdirection, sarcasm, lying or invalidation to achieve their desired outcome. Sometimes, this involves making physical threats. Other times it may involve passive-aggression. Some common phrases people living with ASPD use when dealing with conflict include:

• “You’re the only person who understands me.”
• “No one gets me like you do.”
• “You’re crazy.”
• “You’re too sensitive.”
• “I was just joking.”
• “I never said that.”
• “I don’t have time for this.”
• “You’re imagining things.”
• “You owe me.”
• “I’ll kill myself if you leave me.”

Now, anyone can exhibit these behaviors without ever having ASPD. But someone who has ASPD will exhibit these behaviors consistently and persistently and have difficulty learning from these experiences.

“When someone minimizes what you’re saying, feeling or suggesting, those are red flags,” says Dr. Ford. “People living with ASPD often undermine your experiences, making you question your own reality.”

How to cope with sociopathy

If you’re living with ASPD, you may not often recognize there are ongoing issues with your behaviors. Because of this, you may feel uncomfortable with the idea of going to therapy or seeking treatment.

“People living with ASPD often don’t seek out treatment unless a court order is involved or someone strongly requests they seek help,” says Dr. Ford. “The best thing anyone can do is gently recommend a psychiatric or psychological evaluation if their behavior is causing problems, especially if they’re harming themselves as well as harming you.”

Beyond professional medical help, the most important thing is making sure you set healthy boundaries — and re-set them any time they’re crossed or broken down.

“Make sure there’s a limit on how much they can intrude on your rights,” says Dr. Ford. “Have that appropriate distance you’re comfortable with to avoid getting hurt.”